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The Theory, Cognitive, And Information Processing - 911 Words

Learning has become a central focus in this fast developing world. Education is becoming more and more valuable due to economic advancements. According to text on page 307, Learning can be defined as a relatively permanent influence on behavior, knowledge and thinking skills that comes about through experience. Each person has a unique way of learning, and for a child, it is the teacher s responsibility to understand how each child learns. There are several different learning theories. However, we will be discussing these three main theories Behavioral, Social Cognitive, and Information Processing. Behaviorism is everything that we can directly observe. According to the text on page 308, For the behaviorist, behavior is everything that we do, both verbal or nonverbal, that can be directly seen or heard. The learner starts off as a clean sheet of paper through positive or negative reinforcement behavior is shaped. In contradiction, punishment positive or negative decreases the probabi lity that the previous behavior will happen again. Behaviorism is for beginner developing mind who is starting to learn something new, or for training a pet. For example, as I recently started learning bicycle riding; as a beginner, I was told to sit on the bike while my instructor who happened to be my husband hold the bike from behind, as I push down on the pedals with my feet to move the bike. At this point, balancing is an important part of riding the bike as I started toShow MoreRelatedTheories of Cognitive Development: an Insight to the Theories of Piaget, Information-Processing and Vygotsky1464 Words   |  6 PagesTheories of Cognitive Development: An insight to the theories of Piaget, Information-processing and Vygotsky How do we learn? How do we grow? Over the years, psychologists have studied to great lengths the processes that humans go through as they progress from infancy to adulthood. 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As opposed to attribution theory s emphasis on human rationality in the search for the causes of behavior, the theory of heuristic and systematic information processing takes a stance on the opposite end: Humans, with all things being equal, could not be bothered to think deeper thanRead MoreUnderstanding Of Different Learning Theories1092 Words   |  5 PagesDIFFERENT LEARNING THEORIES AND THEIR IMPLICATION AND APPLICATION TO e-LEARNING AND ONLINE LEARNING ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to explain the understanding of different learning theories and their implication and application to e-learning and online learning. These theories are classical conditioning, behaviorist theory, information processing theory or cognitive theory and constructivist theory. The paper focuses mainly on how learners should learn from different learning theories and how technology

Energy Saving Compact Fluorescent Light Bulb Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(236) " is softly spurring invention while cutting costs and salvaging occupations across the state as more industry leaders are turning to innovative energy efficiency techniques to cut down energy measures and produce low-cost merchandises\." The Carbon Trust Applied Research and Incubator strategies has over the old ages through their Low Carbon Technology Assessment given a clear indicant of their engineering precedences and this have been determined on the footing of the C salvaging potency of each engineering and the extent to which the Carbon Trust support is likely to hold a important impact on advancement towards its commercial deployment. This they do sing the increasing sum of C pollution in the environment which has led to a heap up of Greenhouse Gas ( GHG ) and has made clime alteration a great concern for the full universe. Harmonizing to the Pew Centre ( 2011 ) about all of the nursery gas ( GHG ) emanations from the residential and commercial sectors can be attributed to energy usage in edifices and illuming histories for approximately 11 % of energy usage in residential edifices and 18 % in commercial edifices, which means it uses the 2nd largest sum of energy in edifices after warming, airing, and air conditioning ( HVAC ) systems. We will write a custom essay sample on Energy Saving Compact Fluorescent Light Bulb Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore accommodations to illuming systems can be straightforward and achieve significant cost nest eggs accordingly ; turn toing lighting can be a simple manner to cut down a edifice ‘s energy usage and related GHG in a cost-efficient mode. This can be achieved harmonizing to the Pew Centre ( 2011 ) in two ways: Conservation ; through minimising the sum of clip visible radiations are in usage ; Efficiency ; betterments that cut down the sum of energy used to illume a given infinite, by and large utilizing a more efficient illuming engineering. Lighting is a big and quickly turning beginning of energy demand and nursery gas emanations. In 2005 grid-based electricity ingestion for lighting was 2650 TWh worldwide, which was about 19 % of the entire planetary electricity ingestion. Furthermore, each twelvemonth 55 billion liters of gasolene and Diesel are used to run vehicle visible radiations. More than one-fourth of the population of the universe uses liquid fuel ( kerosene oil ) to supply lighting ( IEA 2006 ) . Global electricity ingestion for illuming is distributed about 28 % to the residential sector, 48 % to the service sector, 16 % to the industrial sector, and 8 % to street and other lighting. In the industrialised states, national electricity ingestion for illuming scopes from 5 % to 15 % , on the other manus, in developing states the value can be every bit high as 86 % of the entire electricity usage ( Mills 2002 ) . More efficient usage of the energy used for illuming would restrict the rate of addition of electric power ingestion, cut down the economic and societal costs ensuing from the building of new bring forthing capacity, and cut down the emanations of nursery gases and other pollutants into the environment. At the minute fluorescent lamps dominate in office lighting. In domestic illuming the dominant light beginning is still the inefficient incandescent lamp, which is more than a century old. At the minute, of import factors refering lighting are energy efficiency, daytime usage, single control of visible radiation, quality of visible radiation, emanations during the life-cycle, and entire costs. Efficient lighting has been found in several surveies to be a cost effectual manner to cut down CO2 emanations. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for non-residential edifices concluded that energy efficient illuming is one of the steps covering the largest potency and besides supplying the cheapest extenuation options. Among the steps that have possible for CO2 decrease in edifices, energy efficient illuming comes foremost largest in developing states, 2nd largest in states with their economic systems in passage, and 3rd largest in the industrialised states ( Urge-Vorsatz, Novikova A ; Levine 2008 ) . The study by McKinsey ( McKinsey 2008 ) shows the cost-effectiveness of illuming systems in cut downing CO2 emanations ; see Figure 1.1. The planetary â€Å" C suspension cost curve † provides a map of the universe ‘s abatement chances ranked from the least-cost to the highest-cost options. This cost curve shows the stairss that can be taken with engineerings that either are available today or look really likely to go available in the close hereafter. The breadth of the bars indicates the sum of CO2 emanations that we could slake while the tallness shows the cost per ton abated. The lowest-cost chances appear on the left of the graph. Capture1.PNG Figure1.1- Costss of different CO2 suspension chances. ( McKinsey 2008 ) The background above shows clearly that it is non possible to do a determination in one inquiry without sing the others. A holistic position takes into history all energy flows in the edifice over clip in order to make a sustainable attack ( Diemer, 2008 ) . In order to construct high public presentation edifices ( WBDG, 2008 ) we have to see all the different design procedures and facets of edifices ( see figure 1.2 ) and how edifices are used by proprietors and users. Capture3.PNG Figure 1.2- Global aims for High Performance Buildings. ( WBDG, 2008 ) Introduction Harmonizing to Pew Centre ( 2011 ) illuming histories for approximately 11 % of energy usage in residential edifices and 18 % in commercial edifices, therefore the demand to conserve light usage and follow more efficient engineerings can give significant nest eggs. In add-on to that it can besides cut down nursery gas emanations and give benefits like better reading and working conditions every bit good as reduced light pollution. Carbon emanation through the nursery gas consequence remains the singular job the whole universe is confronting due to the increased usage of fossil fuels and usage of traditional engineerings in lightings at places or in commercial edifices, every bit good as many edifices still staying brown alternatively of traveling green. In order to accomplish the decrease of C in the Earth ‘s ambiance every bit good as other nursery gases a batch of industries have sprung up in the clean or renewable energy sector. One of those elements of the industry harmonizing to the US Department for Energy ( 2012 ) is the energy efficiency sector, which may non look brassy or important at first glimpse but is softly spurring invention while cutting costs and salvaging occupations across the state as more industry leaders are turning to innovative energy efficiency techniques to cut down energy measures and produce low-cost merchandises. You read "Energy Saving Compact Fluorescent Light Bulb Environ mental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples" New illuming engineerings are many times more efficient than traditional engineerings such as incandescent bulbs and exchanging to newer engineerings can ensue in significant net energy usage decrease, and associated decreases in nursery gas emanations. The US Department of Energy in a survey in 2008 revealed that utilizing light breathing rectifying tubes ( LEDs ) for niche intents in which it is presently executable would salvage adequate electricity to be the end product of 27 coal power workss. This undertaking would give a description on researches on different illuming efficiency methods which can be used in Carbon emanation decrease and energy preservation, every bit good as besides help commercial houses cut costs so that they are able to bring forth low-cost merchandises and besides assist salvage more occupations in the present economic recession still seize with teething most houses in top industrialized states of the universe. Company PROFILE ABOUT US APASI ENERGY COMPANY LIMITED is a planetary leader in renewable energy solution, the company was established in 1993 with its specialisation in Lighting Efficiency Solutions and Technology. Having been in operation in Edinburgh ( UK ) and most states in Europe for the past 20years, and conducts researches that span over green engineerings like power technology, illuming engineering, environment pollution and direction, and more late C engineering. The company offers the most suited environmental scheme to run into specific environmental, comfort, energy and cost standards. Using computational methods backed by our practical, performance-based attack we can measure assorted options of environmental schemes giving greater flexibleness to architectural design. Areas of expertness include: Environmental facade design and optimization – analyse public presentation of facade options including heat transportation, solar additions, day-lighting, and airing. Low energy edifice design – buttocks different designs including advice on edifice signifier and natural airing schemes to help the inactive low energy design. Renewable and low C engineerings – look into alternate engineerings that best suit the undertaking needs, including facade integrated low C solutions. Since the beginning of concern, our stockholders have undertaken a significant programme of investing in order to enable the company to run into the quickly developing demands for energy use through illuming engineering, with all accent in technological invention and entire efficiency, we have maximised the environmental and economic public presentation of our resources, which has made us stand out in the energy market and run into our clients ‘ demands. TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW Lighting harmonizing represents at times up to 25 % of place electrical usage and it can impact the manner one feels, work and interact with others. It helps accomplish mundane undertakings and it is besides a important portion of one ‘s monthly public-service corporation measure. Efficient illuming would therefore come in utile since it is a signifier of scientific discipline every bit good as an art, despite the fact that most people still use the incandescent bulb, a engineering invented some 100 old ages ago by Thomas Edison. Since illuming therefore plays an of import portion in place electrical usage and C emanation from residential and commercial edifices, increasing one ‘s lighting efficiency is therefore one of the easiest and fastest ways to take down energy measures ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.energy.ca.gov/efficiency/lighting/ ) . Lighting or Energy efficiency can therefore be defined as the optimization of energy ingestion, with no forfeit in illuming quality. It is a combination of thoughtful design and choice of appropriate lamp, luminaire and control system choice made in concurrence with informed picks of the light degree required, integrating and consciousness of the environment or infinite which is being lit ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.energyrating.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/2009-ref-manual-lighting.pdf ) . LIGHTING EFFICIENCY METHODS This portion of the proposal would advert the popular ways to cut down the sum of energy consumed by illuming systems and the following discussed options give a scope of preservation options that can cut down the usage of unreal lighting ( beginning: Pew Centre, 2011 ) : Behavioral Change This would intend a alteration in attitude of energy users whether in residential and commercial edifices. Turning off visible radiations when they are non being used reduces energy usage, nursery gas ( GHG ) emanations from electricity, and public-service corporation measures. It may include turning off visible radiations in unoccupied suites or where there is equal natural visible radiation. Adjusting unreal visible radiation end product can besides supply energy nest eggs ; for illustration, utilizing undertaking lighting ( e.g. , a desk lamp ) instead than room lighting can cut down the figure of fixtures in usage, and dimmers allow visible radiations to be used at maximal capacity when necessary and at low capacity. BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGIES ( BAT ) Timers and detectors can cut down light use to the necessary degree ; these options use engineering to mime the behavioral alteration described above. Detectors are used to function different intents in this theoretical account of light energy efficiency and they are of different sorts: Occupancy detectors: This aid guarantee that visible radiations are merely on when they are being actively used. Infrared detectors can observe heat and gesture, and supersonic detectors can observe sound. Both must be installed right to guarantee that they are sensitive to human activity instead than other activity in the locality ( such as ambient noise ) . Some estimations suggest that tenancy detectors can cut down energy usage by 45 % , while other estimations are every bit high as 90 % . Photograph detectors: They use ambient visible radiation to find the degree of light end product for a fixture. For illustration, photo-sensors might be used to turn out-of-door visible radiations off during daylight hours. IMPROVING Building DESIGN TO MAXIMIZE NATURAL LIGHT By bettering the significant sum of natural visible radiation that comes into a edifice, the demand for unreal lighting is reduced and it may merely go a addendum for usage at dark or when otherwise needed. Besides in cut downing GHG emanations through edifice design, it is of import to take a holistic attack that considers non merely how design affects natural visible radiation, but besides the warming and chilling demands for the edifice. When unreal lighting is necessary, taking efficient engineerings can efficaciously cut down electricity usage and related GHG emanations. In taking among the available engineerings, it is of import to see several factors, including the quality of illuming needed, the frequence of usage, and the environment in which the visible radiation is being used ( e.g. , indoor or out-of-door ) . The undermentioned types of lighting and fixtures are most common in edifices: INCANDESCENT BULBS These bulbs emit visible radiation when an electrical current causes a tungsten fibril to glow ; nevertheless, 90 % of the energy used for the bulb is emitted as heat instead than light, doing these bulbs the least efficient for most family intents when measuring them on a lms ( sum of light emitted ) end product to energy input footing. Halogen bulbs are a type of incandescent that are somewhat more efficient than standard incandescent but less efficient than most other options. COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPS ( CFLs ) AND FLUORESCENT TUBES These emit visible radiation when an electric current causes an internal gas-filled chamber to make full with UV ( UV ) visible radiation, which is so emitted as seeable visible radiation through a particular sort of surfacing on the tubing. All fluorescent bulbs require ballast, a constituent that regulates the current traveling through the lamp. Ballasts can be integrated into the bulb, as is the instance for most CFLs ( leting them to be used interchangeably with most candent bulbs ) or non-integrated, which require the ballast to be portion of the fixture, as is the instance for many fluorescent tubings used in schools and offices. Ballasts come in two assortments: magnetic ( which are older and less efficient ) and electronic ( which are newer and much more efficient ) . Both CFLs and Fluorescent tubes come in a assortment of forms, sizes, and efficiencies ( see Figure 1 for a diagram of a typical CFL bulb ) . They by and large use 75 % less energy than candent visible radiation bulbs. A CFL produces between 50-70 lms per W, compared to the 10-19 lms per W for an incandescent bulb. They are besides durable merchandises, with a life-time of 10,000 hours for CFLs and a life-time of 7,000-24,000 hours for tubings. Incandescent bulbs, by comparing, have a life-time of 750-2500 hours. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.energystar.gov/ia/products/lighting/cfls/images/Parts_of_CFL_large.jpg Figure 1: Diagram of CFL Bulb ( Source: U.S. EPA/ DOE Energy Star Program. â€Å" Learn about Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs † hypertext transfer protocol: //www.energystar.gov/index.cfm? c=cfls.pr_cfls_about ) . HIGH-INTENSITY DISCHARGE ( HID ) LAMPS HID Lamps come in several assortments with widespread applications. They emit light when a current-also regulated through ballast-is passed between two electrodes on either terminal of a gas-filled tubing. Mercury, Na, or metal halide gas can be used, each with different coloring material end products, life-times, and applications. These types of visible radiations are non appropriate for all types of countries and usage ; for case, HID lamps have a long start-up period-up to ten minutes-and are best used in countries where illuming must be sustained for several hours ( e.g. , on athleticss Fieldss or for street visible radiations ) . In general, HID bulbs are 75-90 % more efficient than incandescent bulbs and have a long life-time. Low-pressure SODIUM Though these types of lamps are among the most efficient available for outdoor usage, they are merely utile for certain applications because of their long start-up clip, cool-down clip, and hapless coloring material rendering. Low-pressure Na lamps are typically used for street or main road lighting, parking garages, or other security lighting. Because of their niche application, they are non typically considered as a replacement for other types of less efficient bulbs. LIGHT EMITTING DIODE ( LED ) In light-emitting rectifying tubes, negatrons and negatron holes ( atoms that lack an negatron ) combine, let go ofing energy in the signifier of visible radiation. This engineering has been around for several decennaries, but many applications of LEDs for illuming have merely late become available commercially as improved coloring material renderings have been developed and costs reduced. LED fixtures use 75-80 % less electricity than incandescent bulbs, and can hold a lifetime 25 times longer than candent visible radiation bulbs. HYBRID SOLAR LIGHTING In this emerging engineering, a roof-mounted solar aggregator sends the seeable part of solar energy into light-conducting optical overseas telegrams, where it is piped to interior edifice infinites. Accountants monitor the handiness of solar visible radiation and addendum it as necessary with fluorescent visible radiations to supply the coveted light degrees at each location. Early experiments show that intercrossed lighting is a feasible option for illuming on the top two floors of most commercial edifices. This engineering has other assuring benefits every bit good. The solar aggregator on the rooftop can divide seeable visible radiation from infrared radiation ; the seeable visible radiation can so be used for lighting, and the infrared radiation can be used for other intents, such as to bring forth electricity, for hot H2O warming, or for a infinite heating unit. Because the energy is split, less heat energy is wasted in illuming ; it is alternatively used for other energy-consu ming points within the edifice. Solid-state LIGHTING ( SSL ) This are the following coevals of light energy efficiency engineerings which make usage of light-emitting rectifying tubes ( LEDs ) , organic light-emitting rectifying tubes ( OLEDs ) , or light-emitting polymers are normally referred to as solid-state lighting ( SSL ) . Unlike incandescent or fluorescent lamps, which create light with fibrils and gases encased in a glass bulb, solid-state lighting consists of semi-conductors that convert electricity into light ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/solidstate/SSLWhat.asp ) . Harmonizing to a US Department of Energy ( DOE ) estimate no other illuming engineering offers the same degree of possible to cut down energy usage in the hereafter like the SSL. The DOE estimates that energy nest eggs in 2030 from SSL could make 190 TWh, the one-year electrical end product of 24 big power workss ( 1,000MW ) . This they estimate would ensue in 31.4 million metric ton decrease of C and $ 15 billion in energy nest eggs by 2030. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The intent of this research is to cognize the best possible illuming engineering that would vouch energy efficiency and aid cut down C emanation from residential and commercial edifices. Probe of the best lighting efficiency engineering would be the important portion of the research and the consequences from it would assist organize the footing for the following coevals of energy efficient engineerings that would be used in places, offices and industries to assist salvage costs, maintain occupations and cut down planetary C emanation. The research would therefore ship on happening out the most cost effectual and energy efficient engineering that can be used in edifices and how CO2 and light pollution can be reduced particularly utilizing following coevals engineerings like the LEDs and Solid-State Lighting ( SSLs ) . PRODUCT INNOVATION AND APPLICATIONS In footings of merchandise invention and its application, the Light breathing rectifying tubes ( LED ) and peculiarly the Solid-State Lighting ( SSL ) would be the advanced merchandises to be developed to keep energy efficiency and cut down C emanations as they are set to do valued parts over the following 30 old ages. It is estimated that energy nest eggs over the following three decennaries from SSL could make 190TWh which is the one-year electrical end product of 24 big power workss which would in bend cut down 31.4 million metric ton of C released in the Earth ‘s ambiance. LED illuming systems have proved utile in index applications such as issue marks and traffic signals due to their brightness, visibleness and long-life, while new utilizations include small-area lighting, tract and measure marker and are set to be the lightings for full walls and ceilings in future. The Solid-state lighting ( SSL ) on its portion is progressively used in a assortment of illuming applications because it offers the undermentioned benefits: Long LifeA – Light-emitting diode can supply 50,000 hours or more of life, A which can cut down care costs. In comparing, an incandescent visible radiation bulb lasts about 1,000 hours. EnergyA SavingsA – The best commercial white LED illuming systems provide three times the aglow efficaciousness ( lumens per W ) of incandescent lighting. Colour LEDs are particularly advantageous for colored illuming applicationsA becauseA filters are notA needed. Better Quality Light OutputA – Light-emitting diode have minimum ultraviolet and infrared radiation. Intrinsically Safe – LED systems are low electromotive force and by and large cool to the touch. Smaller, flexible visible radiation fixtures – The little size of LEDs makes them utile for illuming tight infinites and for making alone applications. DurableA – LEDs have no fibril to interrupt and can defy quivers. Beginning: lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/solidstate/SSLWhat.asp gt ; . MARKET USER GROUPS AND PROJECTIONS There is a changing market base for merchandises developed utilizing the ethos of illuming energy efficiency peculiarly the LEDs and SSLs which are the following coevals of illuming efficiency merchandises to hit the market and are expected to great aid cut down C emanations by cut downing the sum of electrical power generated for places and concerns. The following groups of market users are identified: Home users: Merchandises from illuming energy efficiency can be used by place proprietors and persons to cut down the sum of electrical power they consume at place through illuming. This they already do through the usage of detectors in their lighting systems that detect human voice, noise or activity before turning on the lighting in topographic points within the place. More merchandises like the LEDs can farther be developed to be used in most lighting at place to farther cut down energy ingestions in residential edifices. Business leaders: There is the opportunity for concern leaders in different industries to cut down the sum of energy they consume in their offices or industrial topographic points. Lighting energy efficiency can assist cut by every bit much as 30 % in some instances of the energy an industrial works consumes therefore salvaging the company costs and besides assisting to maintain occupations. Investor: This group of stakeholders would wish to cognize the degree of net income available in this sort of undertaking and would be interested when they find the immense possible inherent in illuming efficiency engineering and would be excited by the following coevals of engineering in the field such as the LEDs and SSLs. Regulator/Government: Government of most industrialised states like the United States are committed to doing consumers and concerns go green and salvage money and costs by cut downing the energy they consume. They sponsor researches into the development of new LED lighting engineerings that would assist cut down power coevals from authorities and power manufacturers. Therefore this research been done and merchandises developed from it would assist authorities in sensitising people on new information or merchandises to assist them travel green and be efficient in their energy ingestion thereby cut downing C emanation and act as a regulative tool for sustainable development. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND Selling The research undertaking when completed would see APASI ENERGY COMPANY LIMITED make usage of its result to develop merchandises in coaction with other research workers, makers, public-service corporation companies that are interested and authorities to invent strategies were the merchandises would be tested to rate their efficiency and therefore ease a wide acceptance of LED engineering across Scotland and so the UK. Besides professionals in concern and selling would be brought on at a ulterior day of the month to assist manner out marketing schemes to assist pervade place and concern consumers of electrical power to take on the new merchandises so as to cut down their energy ingestions and salvage them costs. ENERGY AND CARBON SAVING PREDICTIONS In footings of energy and C nest eggs, the efficient usage of illuming in residential and commercial edifices would travel a long manner in guaranting that happens. Energy preservation and efficient usage of lightings would greatly cut down C emanations associated with illuming significantly. At the degree of single families and concerns, preservation and efficiency steps can take down public-service corporation measures, and broader usage of illuming efficiency engineering across the society can ensue in Greenhouse gas ( GHG ) emanation decreases and environmental benefits derived from reduced demand for electricity. For illustration Candescent Fluorescent ( CFLs ) use 75 % less energy and LEDs use 75 to 80 % less energy than candent visible radiation bulbs ; replacing these merchandises for traditional lighting engineerings, for illustration, can cut down net energy usage. The continued widespread usage of efficient illuming engineerings like the Solid-state lighting engineering would be indispensable for GHG emanation decreases with a 2008 survey by the US Department of Energy uncovering that replacing LEDs from their current niche utilizations would salvage adequate electricity to be the end product of 27 coal power workss and cut down 31.4 million metric ton of C by 2030. Estimates by planetary market research company McKinsey A ; Co. besides note that LED engineering addition such as exchanging from incandescent and CFL bulbs to LEDs by 2030 would supply GHG emanation decreases from lower energy ingestions and besides cost-efficient over the lifetime of the bulbs. Asides from the benefits of illuming efficiency to planetary clime, its other benefits include lower public-service corporation measures to consumers, reduced light pollution and better reading and working conditions. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths Reduced Energy Bills: The usage of timers and detectors in lightings of edifices can travel a long manner in cut downing electricity ingestion from its usage and this can ensue in net nest eggs for places and concerns through lower public-service corporation measures. Longer Life: LEDs supply a longer permanent life when used compared to incandescent bulbs. The LEDs can last for up to 50,000 hours compared to the incandescent 1s that last for 1,000 hours therefore there is a decrease in care costs for concerns and place users. GHG Emission Reductions: Using efficient illuming engineerings and energy preservation can ensue in the decrease of C emitted by residential and commercial edifices. The peculiar acceptance of SSLs is estimated in the following 30 old ages to be a major engineering in cut downing the sum of electrical power generated from both non-renewable and renewable energy beginnings therefore cut downing the emanation of C into the ambiance. Carbon Trading: When successful developed and deployed across the UK, efficient illuming engineering can assist the Scotland and the whole UK save a batch of C which could hold been emitted into the ambiance. With new planetary programs to set up a planetary C market, that would give the UK tonss of C to be traded in the C market. Failings Sensors/Lighting Control: Detectors are non ever able to observe and fit demands of the residents because they are frequently located far from the country of tenancy particularly in the ceilings and can non needfully estimate illuming demands closer to the land. Upfront Costss: This pose a peculiarly noteworthy barrier, though lighting engineerings and patterns pay for themselves over clip due to their long permanent life-time – some of them peculiarly new border engineerings have immense up-front costs that consumers, concerns and local councils may be unwilling to pay. Besides, merchandises like the Hybrid solar lighting ( HSL ) has existed for decennaries but cost considerations have therefore far made widespread acceptance infeasible. Mercury Use: Agnosticism about the quality of CFL bulbs has deterred many clients though makers have been able to turn to such concerns like its hapless reflectors and noisy nature, but concerns are still high amongst consumers about the usage of quicksilver in it. CFLs contain a really little sum of quicksilver in each bulb – less than 1/100 of the sum in an older thermometer. Carbon Decrease: The undertaking looks at how carbon emanation can be reduced through illuming efficiency and due to the fact that C emanation sums to about 11 % from places and about 18 % from commercial edifices numbering 29 % between the two, efficient illuming engineerings as soon used can non cut down the full planetary GHG emanations. Opportunities SSLs: The Solid-State Lighting merchandises when to the full researched and deployed have the possible to work out tonss of the jobs associated with light pollution and C emanations from residential and commercial edifices every bit good as salvaging costs. It besides would greatly cut down C emanation into the ambiance by cut downing the sum of electrical power consumed hence in bend cut downing the sum of electrical power needed to be produced. Regulative Tool: This research undertaking would assist regulative organic structures better supply policies and ordinances that would drive concerns and places to go greener and salvage energy. It would besides guarantee that industries emit less C and therefore cut down the sum of pollution traveling into the ambiance. Menaces Competition: There is the possible menace of competition from rival houses once this research undertaking is made public, as they may desire to bring forth such merchandises. Besides there is possible competition from other states in the universe who may desire first mover advantage in bring forthing engineerings like the SSL which is the hereafter of the lighting efficiency engineering industry. Utility Companies: Companies which sell public-service corporations like electricity may see the development of the SSL illuming engineering as a menace as it is estimated to cut down electrical energy ingestion in places and concerns amounting to up to the equivalent of 27 power workss in the following 30 old ages, therefore they may non be concerted in join forcesing to proving the development of the new merchandises in pilot strategies amongst their consumers to be able to bring forth informations on the sum of electrical use the usage of SSL engineering really reduces so as to besides cognize how much C emanation that reduces from the power workss. Payback Time periods: The payback period for the usage of illuming engineering besides vary in length and edifice residents may be loath to put in efficient illuming engineerings if they will be resigning the edifices before they can harvest the full benefits of these engineerings. Market Entry Barrier: There is a immense market barrier to new entrants in the lighting efficiency engineering market hence the demand for support. To research and besides make many of the new engineerings in the lighting industry requires costs therefore new entrants find it hard to interrupt into the market or even have adequate financess to transport out research on following coevals of engineerings. THE RESEARCH PROJECT TEAM The research undertaking squad is a multidisciplinary one which has experts on low energy ingestion engineering, technology, environment scientific discipline and direction, concern direction and decision makers drawn from both Nigeria and the UK. APASI ENERGY COMPANY LIMITED would be involved in every phase of the research undertaking from its start through its disposal and coordination until its entry of full research results and study to the patrons ( Carbon Trust ) . The squad would be led by a Head of Research and Development Prof. Ryan Harts and other members from the company and other educational organic structures who would supply some degree of proficient support. Team Leader: Prof. Ryan Harts: Is the Head of Research and Development with APASI Energy Company Limited and a visiting Professor with Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh and Imperial College, London in Energy severally. He brings more than 30years experience in industrial turbo-machinery and infrigidation systems runing from 10,000 TR surface-cooling workss to utility-scale power-generation equipment. Rob has performed energy appraisals covering more than 500 million three-dimensional pess of refrigerated and freezer infinite, including all facets of energy analysis on controls, cooling, distribution and operation of these systems. With his great passion for research and development in illuming engineering and energy usage, developing research strengths in illuming efficiency, use and C engineerings. Team Members: Prof. Morrison Fischer: A alumnus of Bachelor of Science in Materials Science from University of Wisconsin-Madison, Energy Engineering from University of Edinburgh, and PhD from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Process Integration and Intensification. He joined the company in 1998 as an expert in Sustainability procedure and Process Intensification which has assisted APASI Energy Company Limited in accomplishing its corporate ends by supplying sustainability and energy decrease schemes, C footmark, and responses to provide concatenation studies. Dr. Franklin Oliver: Is the Chief Scientific Officer of APASI Energy Company Limited, He is a innovator applied scientist in the development of electric propulsion systems since the 1980 ‘s with Tetra Energy Inc. , Oliver brings 28years of extended research and merchandise development background, every bit good as his experience as laminitis and CEO of iCAP engineerings, to APASI Energy Company Limited. Dr. Andrew Wilshire: Holds a PhD grade in Physics/ Electrical Engineering from the Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen in 1980. He is a profound academician and research worker who have published many articles on Waste Water Management, Climate Change and Environmental Pollution, and Power Engineering Improvements with his major strength in electrical power industry. Having spent over 35years in the Industrial sector he decided to convey his huge cognition and attending into research in C decrease engineerings and illuming efficiency usage after go toing a fellowship class at the Heriot-Watt University. Dr. Edward English: He is a senior lector of Renewable Energy Engineering ( Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh ) . His brings over 20years of Senior Management experience in both the Industrial and Electrical fabrication and distribution markets. Anterior to Heriot-Watt University, he has involved in supplying strategic consulting services to makers, distributers and private equity houses in the supply concatenation markets. Undertaking Administrator: Engr. Ismaila Lawal: Engr. Ismaila Lawal is responsible for scheme and organizing project day-to-day operations. He taps his extended experience taking and reding growing companies with emerging engineering based services. Work Plan Undertaking Cost This Research undertaking will be conducted on a projectized organisational formation which will cross over 12 calendar months with cost and resources allotment as follows: RESEARCH TEAM ( AECL ) Cost PER MONTH ( ? ) ANNUAL COST ( ? ) Prof. Ryan Harts 1,500 18,000 Prof. Morrison Fischer 1,000 12,000 Dr. Franklin Oliver 1,000 12,000 Engr. Ismaila Lawal 750 9,000 SUB-TOTAL 51,000 RESEARCH TEAM ( HW ) Cost PER MONTH ( ? ) ANNUAL COST ( ? ) Dr. Andrew Wilshire 1,000 12,000 Dr. Edward English 1,000 12,000 SUB-TOTAL 24,000 Assorted APASI ENERGY COMPANY LIMITED Overhead Cost: Office Support, etc. ?8,000 Consumables: ?4,000 Heriot-Watt University Overhead Cost: Overhead for office support ?7,000 Capital Equipment: computing machines, etc. ?15,000 Travel and subsistence costs: Meetings, etc. ?14,000 Other costs: Eventuality cost, etc. ?5,000 Fund Request ( Total ) ?128,000 Section B Delphi Study An decision maker would be selected for this portion of the survey which is to fix a Delphi prediction survey for the research undertaking in the first portion of this work. The decision maker would be me and a questionnaire would be prepared and sent out to a group of experts who would so reply them. Delphi calculating harmonizing to Singh and Kasavana ( 2005 ) is a concern research technique used to find the likely happening of future events. It elicits sentiments from little choice group of experts and so tries to construct a consensus on the topic/s handed out to the experts. Questionnaire Design For this survey the questionnaire was designed from the background of information on illuming efficiency used in the research undertaking and seven event statements were used in the questionnaire. This was to assist find the result of future engineerings in the lighting efficiency industry. The questionnaire was developed along the prognostic skylines of 2030 ( long term ) and had a five-point likeliness of happening with 1 bespeaking ‘very likely to happen ‘ and 5 indicating ‘not likely to happen ‘ . Space was besides provided at the terminal of the questionnaire to let respondents to subject open-ended anticipations about of import hereafter events that were non identified. Delphi Questionnaire Q1: All illuming bulbs around the universe would hold been switched from candent 1s to more efficient types? Very likely Likely Not certain Not likely Strongly improbable Q2: Hybrid solar lighting ( HSL ) would hold become executable to utilize in many topographic points? 1. Very likely 2. Likely 3. Not certain 4. Not likely 5. Strongly improbable Q3: Would the up-front cost of having an efficient type of illuming e.g. the CFLs have become cheaper for place and commercial users? 1. Very likely 2. Likely 3. Not certain 4. Not likely 5. Strongly improbable Q4: LEDs illuming engineering would travel from being used in little countries, marks and contraptions into being used as lightings in places? 1. Very likely 2. Likely 3. Not certain 4. Not likely 5. Strongly improbable Q5: Can cheaper versions of Solid-State Lightings ( SSLs ) be produced and adopted for general usage for place and commercial users? 1. Very likely 2. Likely 3. Not certain 4. Not likely 5. Strongly improbable Q6: What is the likeliness of usage of SSL engineerings in places and offices cut downing C emanation by up to 31 million metric dozenss through decreased electrical coevals by 2030? 1. Very likely 2. Likely 3. Not certain 4. Not likely 5. Strongly improbable Q7: Is there a likeliness of any other engineering coming out before 2030 that would do the SSL engineering obsolete, which at nowadays is the hereafter of illuming engineering? 1. Very likely 2. Likely 3. Not certain 4. Not likely 5. Strongly improbable Any other remarks: aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ Sample Size/Responses For this Delphi study the sample size to be used to discourse the above questionnaire would be a group of experts numbering 25 drawn from the energy industry peculiarly those with adept cognition on illuming energy efficiency, other would be from technology, environmental surveies and edifice engineering industry. The panel of experts to be used in this survey would consist of 10 experts from the energy industry with many of them holding huge cognition in illuming energy efficiency engineering, 7 technology experts, four environmental surveies specializers and four edifice engineering experts particularly those with old cognition in edifice green edifices. In add-on each expert had to be interested in the result of the consequences from the survey either through their sort of work or as necessary information for their ain field of survey. Besides, the panel of experts chosen had to be accessible. The Delphi questionnaire would be mailed to the panel of experts with a stamp self-addressed envelope in it, so that they can direct their responses back for free. Two telephone calls would besides be made to trail up responses. The first call to each of the panelists would be to verify if they have received the questionnaire, a 2nd call would be made to promote questionnaire completion and entry. The responses expected from the survey would be issues like what opinions the experts have on current illuming efficiency engineering like the CFLs, what would be the province of illuming engineering in the hereafter and the likely impact SSL would hold on illuming engineering and C emanation decrease in the hereafter. The hope of making the Delphi survey would be to assist manner out what best illuming efficiency engineering to prosecute in the hereafter. It is hoped that the survey would assist cast visible radiation on the importance of the SSL engineering for the hereafter, whether the HSL engineering can be revamped and made more executable and cost-efficient for mass acceptance and how easy it would be for residential and commercial edifices to hold all gone green by 2030 as it is soon expensive to make so now. Delphi Study Importance to ‘Future Technologies ‘ The importance of Delphi surveies to future engineerings can non be over-emphasized as it is the fulcrum on which of import determinations are made as to which future engineering to prosecute and which would non be executable to travel after. Delphi as a process harmonizing to Singh and Kasavana ( 2005 ) is used for arousing and polishing sentiments of a group of people normally experts in that field of survey until a consensus is reached and the hereafter of that field accurately forecasted, though it besides allows for dissenting sentiments excessively. It has been carried out on a regular basis in Japan in the last 40 old ages to calculate the hereafter of engineering in that state which has seen Japan go a universe leader in technological development. It is besides in usage in Korea where both the exploratory and normative attacks are used ( Taeyoung 1998 ) . The Delphi method is typically used in engineering prediction and it is the most suited manner to acquire a clear image of what engineering would be of import to the society in the long-run hereafter and besides a manner of utilizing engineering to work out awaited hereafter jobs before they arrive upon us by tapping into the encephalons and experiences of experts in any technological field being forecasted. It is besides of import as it helps technological houses meet with forecasted demand in the hereafter of any engineering they have produced or are in the procedure of researching so that future demand do non out-strip future supply hence Delphi survey is an of import tool for ‘futures engineerings ‘ . How to cite Energy Saving Compact Fluorescent Light Bulb Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Customer Service Policy

Question: Discuss about the Customer Service Policy. Answer: Introduction Customer service is an important element for any business. For a business to be successful, it has to identify and develop mechanisms to satisfy customer needs. In todays competitive business environment, customers are the decision makers and dictates the terms of product and service quality. Since, most of the business organizations present more or less similar products with little product differentiation, therefore, in the end, the degree of customer service provided by the business to its customers determines businesss success (Soteriou and Stavrinides 2013). The purpose of this report is to analyse current practice of customer service being followed in the Brads Holiday Retreat and provide recommendations for changing the customer service process and culture. The report has discussed about the customers of Brads Holiday Retreat and aims at developing a customer service policy for the firm. The report has also discussed a standard for handling customer complaints and a work instru ction for handling a complaint. The report further discusses the elements of customer service that needs to be changed in response to customers complaint about the quality of the meals. Further, the report has also discussed ways to bring desired change in the work culture in the kitchen. In addition, the report discusses the mechanisms that would help in evaluating the customer service that the Brads Holiday Retreat will provide to its customers. Lastly, the report presents a survey questionnaire and survey process that would help in increasing Brads understanding of his and Rosemarys customers needs and wants in relation to meals. Brads Holiday Retreat customers The customer base of Brads Holiday Retreat comprises of 60% domestic tourists and 40% international customers. Domestic customers rely equally on travel agent booking and online/ telephone bookings whereas international customers exclusively uses online/telephone bookings. Although, the return from international customers is better, these customs are more demanding and hard to satisfy. Customer service policy for Brads Holiday Retreat Brads Holiday Retreat is a backpacker hotel that is essentially a service oriented business organization. In order to be successful, the company needs to develop and implement customer service policy to enhance the quality of service it provides to its customers and increase customer satisfaction levels. The customer service policy for Brads Holiday Retreat should include following elements Business mission: the businesss mission is to become a preferred holiday hotel for backpacker community by providing them with best customer service delivery. Customer Service Philosophy: Customer Service Guaranteed. Organization commitment: the hotel is committed to provide customers with optimum levels of service delivery and the organization prides itself on ensuring customer satisfaction every time (Fan et al. 2013). Communication: The Company has devised various means to communicate with its customers with its customers in order to understand their preferences and other needs. 4.1 Telephone the company provides 24/7 customer care services in order to enable customers get their query and other problem resolved in a best possible way. The employees are well trained and are committed to provide optimum services to resolve customers issues. 4.2 E-mail: customers are also having the option to get their queries resolved through e-mails and the companys representative are fully competent to provide customers with best solutions (Fan et al. 2013). Booking, refunds and cancellations: the hotel provides its customers many options to book rooms as per convenience. Customers have the option to book through telephone, e-mails, hotels website, by walking into the hotel and via partner travelling agencies. In addition, the hotel provides customers an option to cancel their bookings by any of the above means. The company provides full refunds in case the customers are rescheduling their trip or when the cancelation request is received one week prior to their arrival. In addition, the company provides partial refund of 40% to 80% depending on customer cancellation request time and management discretion. Further, as the company is committed to provide best customer service delivery, the company provides discounts and other benefits if the customers expectations are not adequately met due to incompetency of the staff or management (Davidow 2014). Training: In order to deliver best service delivery, Brads Holiday Retreat provides its employees with best training in the industry. For this, the company has incorporate various training programs to enable the staff understand customers expectations and provide customers with best service experience from the time of their engagement with the business, at the time of their stay in the hotel and beyond as the company aims at maintaining long term relation with customers. In the training program, more emphasis has been given on the promptness of the service delivery, politeness, professionalism and personalized or customized service delivery to the customers. In addition, employees are given adequate training to be more patient and attentive to customers demands. Therefore, training in the area of developing communication and soft skills are provided (Brock et al. 2013). Feedback: feedback is one of the best ways to understand customers need and expectations; therefore, the company encourages its customers to provide feedback (positive as well as negative) in order to improve customer service delivery and overall experience with the hotel. Customer complaint handling standard Hotel business is a service-oriented business and Brads Holiday Retreat employees have to deal with all types of guests on the daily basis. It is also expected that some customers may not find the service prompt enough, while other may believe that the quality of service or food discouraging. While some complaints are trivial and can be easily mitigated at the point of service delivery, others may require serious consideration and intervention supervisors or managers (Cheng and Loi 2014). Therefore, it is important to implement customer compliant handling standard in the Brads Holiday Retreat to enhance customer satisfaction levels. Customer complaint handling standard can be presented as Acknowledgement: front line employees are trained to acknowledge customers immediately and provide appropriate solution to resolve customer complaints at local level, and if, the complaint cannot be resolved at their level then the customers are assisted and directed to the person who will be responsible to resolve their complaints (Chen 2014). Assessment: the responsible person would access the nature of complaint and provide means to resolve the issue in the best possible manner. Investigation: in some cases due to the complexity of complaint received from the customers, it may be required to investigate the matter in detail to avoid such circumstances. For this the responsible person may require to complete and relevant information that may be collected by interviewing the staff involved and getting customers feedback to clear any misunderstandings. Response: Once the necessary information is gathered and intensity of complaint is analysed, the responsible person will provide appropriate solution to resolve customer complaints (Wilson et al. 2012). Improvements and follow-ups: After a customer complaint is received and resolved, it is important to analyse the cause of such complaint and develop means to avoid such instances in future. If the complaints are due to internal factors such as incompetency of staffs then appropriate solution can be providing training to the employees. Work instruction for handling complaints Applies to: Front end employees and executives who handle customer complaints. Objective: To provide an efficient and systematic tool for handling and resolving customer complaints. Policy handbook reference Refer to organizational policy on customer satisfaction. Pre-requisites Refer to customer complaint handling standard. Customer complaint solving process Step Instruction Remarks 1 Listen and emphasize Let the customer know that you care about their issues. 2 Recording and classifying complaints Any complaint raised by the customer must be recorded in the CRM software. The next step is to classify them in order of priority and high priority complaints should be escalated immediately for initiating further action. 3. Acknowledge Customers should be informed about when they will receive response regarding their complaint and person dealing with it. 4. Investigate (if required) All aspects of customer complaint must be investigated to ensure all relevant facts are identified and clarified. 5. Resolve and confirm Appropriate resolution to the customer complaint must be devised in consultation with senior manager and organizational objectives. The solution must base on corporate and customers viewpoint to ensure fairness and clarity. 6. Responding to customer The proposed solution must be communicated to the customers within the timescale promised. 7. Follow up It is important to get customers feedback on the solution provided by the management to ensure customer satisfaction. 8. Evaluate and close The last step is to evaluate the causes of such complaints and devise strategies to stop such incidents in future. Changing customer service system in response to customer complaint about the quality of meals In response to the increasing complaints regarding the quality of food provided at the Brads Holiday retreat, it is important to bring few changes in the customer service delivery system. The major complaints are received regarding the meals is it arrived late, was overcooked or was not warm enough when served. In order to fix this it is important to train employees to effectively manage timing of their service delivery. The waiter would greet the newly seated customers and take initial order within five minutes, if the customers orders entrees with some drinks, it should always be served together, for the main course, the waiter would provide them an option of whether they want it served when ready or wait for the customers request. This new standard would solve all the problems regarding the quality of food. However, for this to achieve a greater coordination between the kitchen staff and waiters would be required (Kaufman et al. 2013). Work culture in the kitchen The hotel needs to change its work culture in the kitchen to provide better quality meals and to improve the quality of services. Waiters need to be given training to handle customers complaints and provide better solutions of customer demands and complaints. How kitchen employees interact with customers has be changed. Further, the task division and work flow needs to be streamlined so that customers receive their meals in prompt and appropriate manner (Cronin et al. 2015). Guidelines for evaluating customer service In order to evaluate the quality of service provided to the customers in future, Brads Holiday Retreat can adopt the following method The best method is to get customer feedback and determining the level of satisfaction they receive from using the hotel services. Further, the less the number of customer complaints, more is the customer satisfaction. Another method can be undertaking an analysis of competitors strategy and comparing it with the firms own strategy of customer strategy (Batt 2014). Customer survey questionnaire and survey process In order to evaluate the effectiveness of customer service, it is important to develop a survey process and survey questionnaires. Sample group: for the survey, the company can randomly select 50 customers that would be interviewed over a period of one month. Survey questionnaires: the following questions would be asked S. no Question Agree Uncertain Disagree 1 I am satisfied with the quality of meals provided by the hotel 2 I am satisfied with the level of services provided by the hotel 3 The staff are competent and well mannered 4 Customer executives are well trained to handle customer complaints 5 Complaints are handled in timely and fair manner 6 Overall experience is excellent Distribution method: this survey questionnaire would be distributed to the customers at the time of their checkout, via emails and telephonic interview to get the customer responses. Use of data collected: the data collected will be used to evaluate the customer satisfaction levels and enable the hotel to implement better customer service practices (Dasu and Chase 2013). References Aryee, S., Seidu, E.Y., Sacramento, C.A. and Martinaityte, I., 2015, January. Proactive Customer Service Performance: Test of a Team-Level Model. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2015, No. 1, p. 11002). Academy of Management. Aziz, Y.A. and Ennew, C., 2013. Assessing the Effects of Empowerment and Emotions on Job Satisfaction in Hotel Service Environments. Pertanika Journal of Social Science Humanities, 21, pp.65-84. Batt, R., 2014. of Human Resource Practices, Turnover, and Customer Service in the Restaurant Industry (Journal of School of International Public Affairs, Columbia University).

Strategic Initiatives XM and Sirius Essay Example Essay Example

Strategic Initiatives: XM and Sirius Essay Example Paper Strategic Initiatives: XM and Sirius Essay Introduction One of XM’s attempts to appeal to broader demographics has been its wide variety of receivers—from personal portable systems to smart phone capabilities and all the way up to home theater systems. However, a positive short-term strategy would be to build more of a potential lifetime base of customers by targeting young people. To this end, they should focus on a demographic of 18-25 year olds. One of the simplest ways to do this is for the company to form agreements with major colleges to sell (and aggressively market) XM personal systems in campus bookstores. In turn, XM can launch a new, exclusive channel to broadcast the sports events of these universities.particularly ones that are unlikely to get major media attention. In the longer-term, this will result in more new subscribers. Another way of reaching a younger demographic it to find a way to break into the podcast phenomenon that is most commonly associated with Apple’s iPods. Integrating a recording feat ure in future models that synchs up with a wireless communication program would allow individuals to record their own podcast and, if within range of a wireless network, to go ahead and upload it. Such features are important as smart phones get more and more advanced—for all intents and purposes, all portable electronics devices are competing with what smart phones are increasingly capable of. XM already allows play through existing smart phones, such as â€Å"iPhone or Blackberry† (â€Å"Change the Way You Listen†). Integrating more interactive technology may help give XM a needed edge, though by definition this is a short-term strategy, and XM will need to adapt to newer technology and trends as they emerge. Best of all, such a feature is not that different from the existing ability to â€Å"[let] consumers record songs onto special receivers† (Numeister). Strategic Initiatives: XM and Sirius Essay Body Paragraphs One of the key long-term prospects of appealing to a younger demographic is appearing more eco-friendly. A way of doing this that doesn’t really alter how XM devices are made is to reach a partnership with companies like Prius to have XM radio already installed in those vehicles. This can be accompanied by advertisement campaigns linking environmental friendliness and XM radio in customer’s minds—slogans like â€Å"Satellite radio—so Earth-friendly it’s out of this world† with a visual focus on a satellite. The cherry on the top of this campaign would be for the monthly fee of Prius-owning XM subscribers donating a percentage to an eco-friendly charity of their choice. The final key to XM’s future is to embrace their own past. Their previous programming agreement with Clear Channel radio allowed them to appeal to conservative listeners who favored programs such as Glenn Beck’s radio talk show. Beck, particularly, is a good entit y to have a commercial agreement with, because of his ability to help sell merchandise on both his radio and his TV programs. If XM was willing to re-negotiate with Clear Channel radio and reach a similar agreement as they had before, it would be a great â€Å"quid pro quo† long-term way of marketing XM to an extremely broad audience over the airwaves. Better still, though a longer shot by far, would be an attempt to reach an exclusivity agreement with a right-wing media figure. For all intents and purposes, it would be the more conservative answer to the Sirius agreement with Howard Sterns—if XM was suddenly the only way for conservative audiences to portably hear a figure such as Glenn Beck or Rush Limbaugh, it would greatly increase both system sales and new subscribers, as well as bring old subscribers back into the fold. Value Added, Lessons Learned and Insights Gained nbsp; The value added to the company by such changes would be significant. By expanding the cust omer base, XM will receive both short-term and long-term benefits by bringing in new subscribers and illustrating to existing ones the company’s dedication to offering a variety of services to a variety of clients. These recommendations are all centered on what amounts to the key issue regarding any form of satellite radio to a potential new customer: why should they pay for the radio, when the radio in their car is free? These recommendations form a kind of variegated rhetoric to draw in different customers: individuals can feel like they’re able to follow their favorite talk-show pundit, bringing in customers based on loyalty. They can feel like they are helping to save the world by helping themselves to XM’s services, which appeals to them emotionally. They can feel like they are imparting their unique vision to the world through broadcasts, which appeals to their aggrandized sense of self. And they can also feel like embracing XM radio makes them a more soli d part of their college community, which appeals to both their sense of school spirit and, to be frank, their sense of peer pressure. The insights from this exercise are chiefly centered on this.it is surprising to learn the difficulty of how to appeal to a mass of people while still offering the vision of a company as unique and individual. However, it is rewarding to find out that such a task is far from impossible. Recommendations for Strategic Initiatives: Sirius Radio An admirable recent move on the part of Sirius to branch out from their traditionally-perceived image as a haven for bad boys such as Howard Stern is the inception of the Sirius Backseat TV initiative, offering streaming video of kid-friendly programming such as Nickelodeon, Disney Channel, and Cartoon Network. One logical extension of this progression would be to offer a cheap (less than $50), colorful receiver model (that is limited to kid-friendly music channels) that is marketed to young children. This would a ppeal to children of existing Sirius customers that wish to emulate their receiver-owning parents and, in some cases, the reverse: children requesting it as a gift from their parents may actually get their parents to purchase a receiver for themselves. Especially if an incentive was included with the children’s models which stated that their subscription to the limited â€Å"kid-friendly† stations would be free if another individual in the household purchased a receiver and a full subscription within thirty days. Otherwise, the â€Å"kid-friendly† subscription would be $5 a month. On the opposite spectrum, it would be wise for Sirius to expand an initiative they started in 2003 by launching Sirius OutQ, which appeals to the LGBT audience and invites listeners to hear â€Å"news, information, and entertainment for the gay and lesbian community.† It would be wise for Sirius to launch exclusive channels concerning music and talk radio for other minority audi ences. This is something that would appeal to a teenage and young adult demographic, which would certainly help to sell units and subscriptions among a target audience that represents years of possible subscriber income. It would also dovetail well with the image of Sirius as a more â€Å"liberal† radio station, willing to grant controversial audiences their own voice.something that is often stifled, if not outright prevented, by mainstream media. Sirius currently offers a â€Å"Sirius Music for Business† model in which businesses can legally use commercial-free Sirius broadcasts in everything from â€Å"on hold† telephone music to conference presentations. It would be profitable to expand this model to other venues, such as colleges and universities. A program with a clever name such as â€Å"Sirius for U† could provide music in university dormitories, cafeterias, and student centers. This functions well as a long-term strategy because it means exposing a rotating crop of students to Sirius programming for a period of four years. This will inevitably drive sales, and would offer a chance for universities to feature their own radio station on the Sirius network. In this way, both the university and Sirius radio will benefit. A solid long-term strategy for Sirius would be to acquire exclusive radio rights to NBA games. This would serve as an answer to XM’s exclusivity with MLB games, and help reinforce the image of Sirius as hip and sports-friendly. A short-term way of doing this would be to focus on more obscure sports—Sirius already has the world’s only horseracing talk show, and adding channels focusing on poker, chess, and even dodgeball would add a quirky charm that rival services cannot offer. One humorous hook for such a channel would be to name it â€Å"The Ocho,† in honor of the movie Dodgeball’s humorous vision of an ESPN channel that focuses exclusively on quirky sports. Value Added, Less ons Learned and Insights Gained The value added to Sirius through these suggestions primarily centers around expanding on the services it already offers. There is a reason for this—as the most recognized brand of satellite radio, Sirius has had years to throw almost every idea against the wall, and see what sticks. These ideas represent an expansion of stickiness—appealing to those who feel like mainstream outcasts while, at the same time, appealing to the nuclear family of traditional values through kid-friendly programming. It also represents an opportunity for ongoing customer appeal—the institution of a â€Å"Sirius for U† program, particularly, means that thousands of students can experience Sirius every day that otherwise would be unfamiliar with it. A continued focus on sports serves as the second part of a one-two punch that starts with the appeal to college students.a group that is traditionally sports-focused, and likelier to stick around as par t of the Sirius customer base if they feel that their favorite sport (to watch or to play) is being featured. The insight of this experience is primarily centered on perfection, as opposed to creation.as elaborated on above, Sirius is a company that has tried an impressive variety of marketing tactics over the years. The challenge comes from singling out the ones that have further potential from the ones that, rightfully, were discarded by the wayside. However, the evolving nature of business means that businesses must be constantly evolving; perfection of the moment can easily be the defects of the future, so business models must constantly strive for change. Works Cited Numeister, Larry. â€Å"Suit by Record Companies Against XM Going to Trial.† The Washington Post. n. pag. Jan 20 2007. Web. 30 May 2010 Sirius. â€Å"OutQ Radio.† n. pag. 30 May 2010 XM Radio. â€Å"Change the Way You Listen.† n. pag. 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gideon vs wainwright essays

gideon vs wainwright essays In June 1961, Clarence Earl Gideon, a fifty-year-old man, with a prior arrest record, was arrested in Panama City, Florida. He was charged with breaking into a pool hall. The things that were stolen were beer, coke, and change from a cigarette machine. Gideon claimed innocence. When his trial began he asked the court for court appointed counsel. He was denied the right because the state law only permits counsel in capital cases and for indigent defendants. The trial continued. Gideon conducted his own defense his effort however, were ineffective. He did the best he could for someone who had no knowledge or experience. He made an opening statement to the jury, cross-examined the State's witnesses, presented witnesses in his own defense, declined to testify himself, and made a short argument "emphasizing his innocence to the charge contained in the information filed in this case." The jury the jury convicted Gideon and sent him to prison for five years. While in prison, Gideon studied law books. Gideon filed petion for Habeas Corpus in the Florida Supreme Court. Gideons petion was denied. Gideon then appealed to the United States Supreme Court in forma pauperis. The Supreme Court selected his case to be considered. In the case, Betts vs. Brady Maryland farm worker Smith Betts asked for the court appointed counsel to his defense. The judge denied his request because the country that has in doesn't appoint poor defendants only in a capital case. Betts was sentenced to eight years in prison, Betts sent an appeal to the Supreme Court, but again the court ruled against Betts. The reason why is because "In the great majority of states, it has been the considered judgment of the people their representative, and their courts that the appointment of counsel is not a trial." (Goodman 64) With that statement in mind, Gideons case was issued with just reason. Twenty-two States, as friends of t ...

Critical Thinking Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critical Thinking Questions - Essay Example Training for a profession subtly and overtly reinforces attitudes like trusting or not trusting. Lawyers, accountants or law-enforcement personnel are trained to detect/punish the law-breaker. So they tend to look only at the transgressions of law that people indulge in, and mistrust them for these. The social worker is trained to help and rehabilitate. Rehabilitation is done by building emotional bridges with a person, and this can be achieved only on the basis of trust. Therefore, social workers tend to trust more than those in the law-enforcing professions. People adhering to a certain value system tend to choose professions that mirror that value system. So you have a ‘policeman mentality’ person become a cop, whose mental attitudes are also reinforced by training as a cop. There are, of course, exceptions, as always, to this ‘rule’. It is possible to be both politically astute and trusting. To be a trusting boss one needs to be open, but to be politically astute one need not necessarily conceal. Assuming that the purpose for being politically astute is the achievement of success, it is possible to be successful without concealing. As a boss, trust is built among one’s employees or followers if one establishes one’s credibility. If a boss shows that she does what she does, for the organization as a whole, and keeping in mind the welfare of her people, she will always have their backing, even when she is forced to make unpleasant decisions. Political astuteness leads to success as a leader, if one works for the common good and not just for self. One of the best examples of a combination of political astuteness and openness in a leader is Mahatma Gandhi. He was a very open person with high moral principles. He was politically canny too—he used the much-touted British adherence to the principle of fairness and justice and the British

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 12

Business Law - Essay Example Meztista then offered a 50 percent share, based on the accounts, and Hylton accepted with a written reservation. Hylton has since filed a suit while Meztista claims that accord and acceptance relinquished rights to such claims. The legal position of the case lies in the legal principle of termination of a contract. Under termination by parties’ agreement, accord and satisfaction legally discharge parties of their obligations in a contract. Goldman and Sigismond define accord and satisfaction as a party’s decision to accept a lesser consideration to an original agreement followed by an actual execution of such acceptance. Accord and satisfaction therefore sets aside previous provisions of a contract (Goldman and Sigismond, p. 216, 217). The best argument for this case is that the parties’ obligations in the partnership were discharged by accord and satisfaction. Meztista is likely to win under this argument because Hylton relinquished legal rights by accepting the lesser payment to discharge the partnership

Potential Malicious Attacks in ACME Inc Assignment

Potential Malicious Attacks in ACME Inc - Assignment Example One rational motive that managers will use with people who might resist is that the info they supply can facilitate confirm what quantity ought to be spent on defensive measures so as to cut back the likelihood of future attacks. Adopting a diverse computing atmosphere offers important security worth for a few enterprises. Include the impact of recent worm attacks on the concerns of desktop software package decisions. a straightforward way to begin this method is to maneuver the setting organization that doesn't directly support the operating system desktops which don't need applications that area unit solely supported on OS onto an alternate software package or systems. Therefore, in case a malicious-code attack strikes, the desktops that run the choice systems will perform and may scale back the scope and period of the attack. Hackers will access networks that don't seem to be properly secured, thieves may gain entry to the workplace and steal instrumentality or employees may carry the information out of the workplace on movable media. External threats by hackers are expected and also the risks may be reduced through the safety measures mentioned on this website. Internal threats are harder to anticipate however may be equally devastating to your business. Employees could take away information unwittingly or deliberately for gain or revenge. Data can be taken out of the workplace in USB drives, writable CDs or DVDs, mobile phones or MP3 players. These devices can all hold giant amounts of data that may be a discreet means within which unauthorized persons may copy data.

Education in the UK: Social Policy Changes

Education in the UK: Social Policy Changes The 1944 Education Act has a significant role in the British education system. According to Bochel et al (p.238), the legislation of this Act initiated free secondary education for all children and raised the school leaving age from 14 to 15. Control over education system was shared between central government and local government. It also gave local authorities the power to control education affairs whiles the central government was in charge of providing financial support. In relation to this, the Act created three secondary systems (Tripartite system) namely: the grammar school (for the academic), technical (for practical or vocational studies) and secondary modern (for less academic). Admission in to these schools were based on entrance examination called eleven- plus. One of the impacts of this policy was to establish a system that allows children from diverse background to schools most suitable for their needs and ability. The return of conservative government in 1979 alleged that change was necessary in other to raise the standard of the British education system. The change did not neutralise until 1988. Bochel,etl(2009) wrote: Thatchers government of 1980 placed at least part of the blame for Britains economic ills on trendy educators who they perceived as having emphasised equality and new teaching methods at the expense of providing a solid educational foundation for children (p.240). This means that the conservative government believe the possible way to revive the education system was to take control of the provision and policy of education from the hands of local authority and teaching professionals and centralized it to the central government. This was responded through the 1988 Education Reform Act. The key significant of this legislation was to introduce market mechanism which encourages competition among schools and parental involvement (i.e. giving parents an informed choice in terms of choosing schools for their children). GRANT MAINTAIN SCHOOLS Thatchers government initiated two tier systems in to the British education in other to promote competition among schools. This was achieved through given grant maintain status the opportunity to opt out of the control of Local Education Authority (LEA) and become independent schools through parental votes. The benefit of opting out meant that the school will be able to receive it budget directly from the central government and also have the power to manage it affairs such as pupil entry and selection process. However, schools which chose to remain under the umbrella of LEA had it budget control by local management of schools (LMS). Under the LMS control, the schools were able to manage 85% of it budget . (Alcock 2008 p.317). According to Bochel (p. 241) the aim of the conservative was establish a market strategies for the two schools (i.e. GMS and LMS) to compete for pupil numbers. To the policy makers, based resources on the number of children they could attract not only encourage them to perform well but also meant that those which perform below standard would be force to improve or face the consequence of closing down where as those that attract more pupil receive grater resources and continue to remain in operation. THE NATIONAL CURRICULUM, STANDARD TEST AND LEAGUE TABLE The second area of concern to Thatchers government was the poor basic skills of the British population especially among young children in school leaving age compare to other countries (reference this part). In response, the policy makers introduce a national curriculum and standard test for all state schools which was to be published in a league table. The content of the curriculum included maths, English and science as the core subjects in addition with other subjects like history, languages, geography and daily worship if it is a faith school. The standard test on the other hand was initiated to test childrens understanding or attainment on the curriculum on four key stages between the ages of 7, 11, 14 and 16. However, testing at key stage 4 was later polish due to children under taking GCSE. Publication of the result along side with GCSE and A- levels in league table gave parent the choice to compare schools and also to check it performance before enrolling their children. (Alcock 2008, p.318). However, the information published could be misleading because the pupils achievement might be determine by various reasons outside the control of the school. For example, a child from a high class social background might need a might receive little support from the school and still high result from test compare to a person from a low social background who gets good quality of teaching fro the school but still perform poor in test. The result therefore courage schools to select children from the high class academic families.(Hill 2009). However, it could be argue that the 1988 Education Reform Act has lead to creation of class differences and inequality in to the British education system. For instance, Brown and Lauder deem that bringing marketing in education would benefit children from high class family as they will be influence to educate their children in independent schools where as children from the minority and working class families end up LMS schools which could be classified as less successful schools (Haralambos 2000 p. 798). In addition, Gewirtz et al argue that even though the act has giving parents the autonomy to make choice, however, parents from high class families are more likely to excise this choice as compare to parents from the working class families. For example high class families are more able to move house to certain areas in other to have access to good education. They are also likely to appeal against a decision if their children are tune down of their preferred choice of school and often educate children in a primary school which has link to their preferred secondary school. Working class families on the hand might be force to choose a local school because they can not afford to move house or has no means of transportation either than public transport (Haralambos 200 p. 806). The nation curriculum on the other hand could be view as initiating inequality into the education system. For example, the study of history is about the British history or empire without considering other cultures such as the Asian or African history which might have a significant influence on the consumers. Lawton has critics that testing between the ages of 7 and 14 would label some children as either failures or achieves. Those labelled as failures could result in leaving school early or not having much interest in school which lead to affect their future prospect (Haralambos 200 p. 811) NEW LABOUR POLICY Following a successful election in May 1997, new labour came in to power with Tony Blair as the prime minister. New labour gave education policy a high priority in it agenda. According to Alcock (2003), new labour has continued the regime of conservative ideology of marketization and parental choice; however, the first major change was the school standard and framework Act 1998. the aim of the legislation was to bring social exclusion and inclusion as well to tackle child poverty in education and creating opportunity for every child to developed. The impact of the policy resulted in revising the national curriAccording to Baldock (2007), even though new labour still continue to or are in use of the nation curriculum, it has however made some significant changes which include daily hour of literacy and numeracy strategy in primary education. It has also introduced citizenship teaching and, information and communication technology. In addition, labour has reduced class size for key stage 1 and 2 to a maximum of 30. The importance of reducing class size as argue by new labour was that large class size distract pupil from learning. Funding for achievement was derived from scrapping off the Assisted Place scheme implemented by previous conservative party.( check alcock 2003 for referncing). Statistics by Adcock shows an improvement in reducing class size and also bring in literacy and numeracy hour on top of the national curriculum in primary schools. By 2007, 88% of pupils in primary education were taught in class of not more than 30 children compare to 1997 which had a percentage of 72. Moreover, the percentage of literacy achievement at key stage 2 at 2007 was 80% compare to 75% in 2002 and 54% in 1996. Numeracy on the other hand achieved at key stage 2 in 2007 was 77% compare to 72% in 2000 and 54% in 1996 (Alcock, 2008). This improvement shows a significant raise in labours policy. Education action zone, this framework was established to support schools within poor areas to improve education attainment. In order to achieve it aim, the government enter in to partnership with private business, individual schools and education authority. The intension of the partnership was to formulate new strategies of teaching in areas where social exclusion and poverty were high in order to raise standard in attainment (Blakemore 2003). Aside the action zone, the 1998 frame work act encourages the establishment of specialist school. These emphases on the promise to promote diversity and excellence in schools as cited in Alcock 2003, p . Comprehensive secondary were given power to bid and became specialist school in areas such as Arts, Business, science, language or sports as well as selecting 10% of it candidates based on aptitude. The impact of this was to create diversity which meant that schools differ from each other and offer a curriculum which best suit the needs of the student in the chosen area. By 2006 it was recorded that 80% of the secondary school in Britain had become specialist school. Adcock(2005). This percentage shows that high proportion of secondary school bid to specialise in particular area of interest. The consequence however, from opting out as noted from Thatchers government in 1988 which lead to a two ties system could also implied in specialised schools. Blakemore (2003) highlighted the fear that specialist schools can fully funded and resource where as non specialist become under resourced. Another concern to the policy makers was the failing schools. According to Blakemore (2003), the Act gave central government power to intervene when local authorities fail to provide adequate support for a school to perform well. Both the failing school and the local authority were identified by Ofsted and shamed. Moreover, the government initiated that if matters are not resolved; than the local authority is not equipped to handle matters and therefore the school management would be transfer over to private sector for management. Examples such local authorities that went into private management are Hackney and Guildford. The consequences of labours 1998 In spite of labours promise to change years of underachievement for the countrys most disadvantage schools, educational opportunity still reflects on class deference, ethnicity, and gender inequality. According to Hill(2009), the issue of gender still remain in education but on the reverse. It is no longer the female discrimination as it used to be years ago. Female According to Blakemore(2003) Hill, M. and Irving, Z. (2009) understanding social policy. 8tt edn. Oxford: Blackwell publishing Ltd.

Mans Search For Meaning Essay -- Nazi Jews Holocaust

In Man's Search for Meaning, Viktor Frankl describes his revolutionary type of psychotherapy. He calls this therapy, logotherapy, from the Greek word "logos", which denotes meaning. This is centered on man's primary motivation of his search for meaning. To Frankl, finding meaning in life is a stronger force than any subconscious drive. He draws from his own experiences in a Nazi concentration camp to create and support this philosophy of man's existence. Frankl endured much suffering during his time in the concentration camp. All of his possessions were taken away, including his manuscript in which he recorded all of his life's work. He went through rough manual labor, marching through freezing temperatures, and little or no food. To add to this, he didn't even know if his wife was alive or if she had been killed when they were separated. However, throughout all this, Frankl was able to keep his hopes alive, and still care for his fellow man. This is due to his philosophy of person. He figured that the key to surviving in those horrible conditions was to find a meaning in his life. Once there is a meaning to live for, there will be a will to live. Finding a meaning in life is the most important thing according to Frankl. This is the core of his philosophy, and claims that it is the core of human existence. In his view, anything can attribute to be something to live for. Love is perhaps the strongest motivation, but even someone can even find fulfillment in his profession. According to logotherapy, we can find meaning in three ways. Man can either create a work or do a good deed, experience something or encountering someone, or by the attitude we take toward unavoidable suffering can we discover a meaning in... ...m he loves or without something he feels is important to find meaning. It is also going to be difficult for this person not to consider suicide, even though Frankl believes it should never be an option. Personally I agree with most of Viktor Frankl's ideas and philosophy. It is important for a person to find a meaning in his life. Frankl's philosophy is more human and more personal than other psychiatrists' philosophies. The human person can not be motivated just on unconscious drives. Humans are much deeper beings and need aspects of life such as a sense of purpose, love, and human contact. I also agree that suicide should never be an alternative to life, except if sacrificing your life for a greater cause. Viktor Frankl's ideas are more realistic to human nature, and give a sense of optimism to the reader who can hopefully find meaning in their own lives.

My Philosophy of Ministry Essay

My philosophy of ministry is to teach believers, through teaching the Bible, and training leaders. So, that they may, in turn, teach others to be rooted and built up in Him as seen in Colossians 2:6-7. The first part of my philosophy of ministry is to teach believers in the knowledge and the ways of Jesus Christ. Every member in the church has gifts. They need to understand their gifts and if you have the gift to teach, be trained in the work of the ministry. Teaching God’s people to do the work of the ministry takes place through the teaching of Scripture (2 Tim. 3:16-17). The second part of my philosophy of ministry is to train leaders. A leader in the church is a godly servant who is influencing others in the church. Building leadership development in the local church is vital to the continual growth of the ministry (Acts 6: 3-4; 2 Tim. 2:2). I want to always be in the process of training individuals and preparing them to step into a leadership position. The leadership training process needs to include not only theological study and â€Å"hands-on† involvement, but community and relationship development as well. My philosophy of ministry desires to see believers become mature disciples of Christ that are equipped to reach out and show Christ to a lost and dying world. Realizing that the first step in any philosophy of ministry must be establishing priorities, I have established the following personal priorities. The personal priorities must be firmly established and followed through on. Personal Priorities: (1) Seek God first as the central priority in life. (2) Model a character of Christ. Jesus Christ set an example that all Christians should follow. (3) Model the great commission by doing the work of an evangelist (4) Lead others by establishing loving relationships. People make life changing decisions during unique occasions of challenge and reflection. 5) Bible study, prayer, and spiritual preparation for teaching. Lack of fruitfulness and lack of vision in the church are due to lack of spiritual leadership. I define myself as a leader and a teacher in my local church. I teach the people of my church old Jewish traditions, so we understand more of why Jesus did some of what he did. Also, the Old Testament was written to show history of Jesus’s genealogy, but also what was foretold of Him. I am the Director of the woman’s ministry, and the Awana program for the children to help them learn Bible verses at a young age.